《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(8): 1341-1344

植物转基因与基因组编辑

寿惠霞^1,*, 周丽²

¹浙江大学生命科学学院, 植物生理学与生物化学国家重点实验室, 杭州310058; ²中国植物生理与植物分子生物学学会, 上海200031

通信作者：寿惠霞；E-mail: huixia@zju.edu.cn

摘　要：

自1983年成功获得首株转基因烟草以来, 植物转基因技术日新月异, 已成为植物功能基因研究和作物种质创新的重要工具, 为农业生产带来了新的革命。植物转基因技术主要依赖于农杆菌或者基因枪将目的基因表达框导入植物细胞中, 这两种DNA导入的方法都无法控制DNA插入基因组的位置, 造成转入的外源基因插入于宿主染色体的随机位置上, 因而具有一定的局限性。近年来发展起来的基因编辑技术, 可以在基因组的特定位置进行突变、插入和小片段的删除等修饰, 从而完成对基因组精确编辑(gene editing, genome editing), 这项技术对基因功能研究和遗传改良具有广泛的发展前景和应用价值。本文在回顾植物转基因技术和应用的基础上, 重点综述了植物基因编辑新技术CRISPR/Cas9系统的技术特点、发展现状及其应用前景。

关键词：植物转基因; 基因组编辑; CRISPR/Cas9系统

收稿：2017-04-20   修定：2017-05-19

资助：转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2016ZX08004001和2014ZX0800401B)。

Genetic engineering and genome editing in plants

SHOU Hui-Xia^1,*, ZHOU Li²

¹State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ²Chinese Society for Plant Biology, Shanghai 200031, China

Corresponding author: SHOU Hui-Xia; E-mail: huixia@zju.edu.cn

Abstract:

Since the success of the first genetically modified tobacco in 1983, great advances have been achieved in plant genetic transformation technology. Genetic engineering has become an important tool for plant functional gene research and crop germplasm innovation, which brings a revolution for crop production. Gene-gun-mediated transfer and use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector are the two common approaches for delivering the expression cassette of gene of interest into plant cells. Both DNA delivery methods insert foreign DNA into plant genome at random position, and thus have some limitations. The recent advent of genome-editing technologies has enabled to generate mutation, insertion and deletion of small fragments and other modifications at very precise locations within the genome. The new technology, named as “gene editing” or “genome editing”, has broad prospects and application value for gene function research and genetic improvement. On the basis of introducing plant transgenic technology and its application, this paper emphasizes the technical detail, status and prospect of the new technology of plant gene editing, the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Key words: plant transgenic; genome editing; CRISPR/Cas9 system